Public holidays in Denmark are laid down in the Holiday Act (Helligdagsloven) and follow the church's liturgical calendar, while paid time off on public holidays is governed by collective agreements under the Danish labour market model. School calendars are determined independently by each municipality.
Public holidays in Denmark are laid down in the Holiday Act (Helligdagsloven) and follow the liturgical calendar of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (Folkekirken); the Shop Closing Act (Lukkeloven) mandates the retail closures on them. Under the Danish labour market model (Den danske model), entitlement to paid leave on public holidays is not governed by a general labour statute, but is negotiated through collective bargaining agreements between trade unions and employers. Days such as Constitution Day (Grundlovsdag), Labour Day (1 May), and Christmas Eve are not statutory public holidays, but are widely observed as full or half days off under collective agreements.
The holiday calendar traces back to Johann Friedrich Struensee's 1770 reform (Festdagsreduktionen), which roughly halved the number of religious holidays and consolidated regional penitential days into Great Prayer Day (Store Bededag). In 2023, the Folketing enacted legislation abolishing Great Prayer Day as a public holiday starting in 2024, compensating monthly salaried workers outside collective agreements with a statutory wage supplement. The school calendar is framed by the Folkeskole Act, fixing the start of summer holidays to the last Saturday in June, while all other breaks (autumn break in week 42 and winter sports break in week 7 or 8) are set autonomously by Denmark's 98 municipal councils.